Hclo3 lewis dot structure - Orbital hybridization involves making linear combinations of the atomic orbitals that are solutions to the Schrödinger equation. Mathematically, this is justified by recognizing that the Schrödinger equation is a linear differential equation. As such, any sum of solutions to the Schrödinger equation is also a valid solution.

 
Lewis Structure of ClO. 3. -. (Chlorate ion) Lewis structure of ClO 3- ion is drawn step by step in this tutorial. Total valence electrons of oxygen and chlorine atoms and negative charge are considered to draw the ClO 3- lewis structure. When we drew the lewis structure, overall charge of the ion should be -1.. Discovery cube los angeles tickets

About this video - Structure of formation of HClO3, also known as Chloric acidHappy Reading :)The Insider Trading Activity of Lewis Jeffrey Edward on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksLewis Structure of HClO3 (Polar molecules, Non-polar molecules, etc.) Moderators: Chem_Mod, Chem_Admin. 2 posts • Page 1 of 1. 504594108 Posts: 24 Joined: Fri Sep 25, 2015 10:00 am. Lewis Structure of HClO3. Post by …About this video - Structure of formation of HClO3, also known as Chloric acidHappy Reading :)Here, I have explained 6 simple steps to draw the lewis dot structure of HClO3 (along with images). So, if you are ready to go with these 6 simple steps, then let’s dive right into it! Lewis structure of HClO3 (Chloric acid) contains two double bonds between the Chlorine atom (Cl) & two Oxygen atoms (O) and the rest other atoms are single ...A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the ClO3- Lewis Structure (Chlorate Ion). The ClO3- Lewis structure is a good structure to help you understand w...2. Each hydrogen atom (group 1) has one valence electron, carbon (group 14) has 4 valence electrons, and oxygen (group 16) has 6 valence electrons, for a total of [ (2) (1) + 4 + 6] = 12 valence electrons. 3. Placing a bonding pair of electrons between each pair of bonded atoms gives the following: Six electrons are used, and 6 are left over.Need a dot net developer in Hyderabad? Read reviews & compare projects by leading dot net developers. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Development Langu...A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the ClO3- Lewis Structure (Chlorate Ion). The ClO3- Lewis structure is a good structure to help you understand w...Steps for Writing Lewis Structures. Example 6.4.1 6.4. 1. 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule or ion. Each H atom (group 1) has 1 valence electron, and the O atom (group 16) has 6 valence electrons, for a …CHLORIC ACID. Molecular Formula HClO. Average mass 84.459 Da. Monoisotopic mass 83.961426 Da. ChemSpider ID 18513.Sep 19, 2019 · Steps for Writing Lewis Structures. Example 6.4.1 6.4. 1. 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule or ion. Each H atom (group 1) has 1 valence electron, and the O atom (group 16) has 6 valence electrons, for a total of 8 valence electrons. 2. BI3 Lewis Structure: Resonance. In the context of the BI3 Lewis structure, resonance refers to the phenomenon where multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a molecule or ion.Resonance structures are used to represent the delocalization of electrons within a molecule, providing a more accurate depiction of its bonding.. For …Write Lewis structure of the following compound and show formal charge on each atom. H N O 3 (ii) Write Lewis structure of the following compound and show formal charge on each atom. N O 2 (iii) Write Lewis structure of the following compound and show formal charge on each atom. H 2 S O 4Lewis-dot structure : It shows the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and it also shows the unpaired electrons present in the molecule. In the Lewis-dot structure the valance electrons are shown by 'dot'. The representation of valence electrons of an atom by dots around the symbol of an element is said to be the Lewis-dot symbol.A Lewis symbol consists of an elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each of its valence electrons: Figure 7.9 shows the Lewis symbols for the elements of the third period of the periodic table. Figure 7.9 Lewis symbols illustrating the number of valence electrons for each element in the third period of the periodic table.This page titled 4.1: Lewis Electron Dot Structures is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Ionic substances are completely held together by ionic bonds.Lewis Structure Finder. This widget gets the Lewis structure of chemical compounds. Get the free "Lewis Structure Finder" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or …The Lewis structure of a chlorate [ClO 3] – ion consists of a chlorine (Cl) atom at the center, it is bonded to three atoms of oxygen (O) at the sides. There are a total of four electron density regions around the central Cl atom in [ClO 3] –.Out of these 4 electron density regions, there are 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair of electrons on the …About this video -Lewis dot structure of hydrochliric acid.Hybridization of hydrochloric acid.Excitation of electrons.Orbital Diagram of subshells.It's always a good idea to start by drawing the Lewis structure of the molecule, this will give a good idea of what it's going on interms of molecular geometry.. Keep im mind that Lewis structures are not meant to convey geometry, the are just helpful in determining geometry!. In the case of chloric acid, #"HClO"_3#, you can draw several …The Insider Trading Activity of LEWIS JOEL on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks3. ) Lewis Structure. Lewis structure of sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3) contains two O-H bonds,one S=O bond, two S-O bonds.. Also, there is one lone pairs on sulfur atom. Concept of number of total valence electrons of atoms are used to draw lewis structure of H 2 SO 3. Each step of drawing the lewis structure of H 2 SO 3 is explained in detail in ...A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the HClO3 Lewis Dot Structure (Chloric Acid). For the HClO3 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for...Here, I have explained 6 simple steps to draw the lewis dot structure of C2H2Cl2 (along with images). So, if you are ready to go with these 6 simple steps, then let’s dive right into it! Lewis structure of C2H2Cl2 (1, 2-dichloroethene) contains a double bond between the two Carbon (C) atoms and a single bonds between Carbon-Hydrogen …The Lewis structure of a chlorate [ClO 3] – ion consists of a chlorine (Cl) atom at the center, it is bonded to three atoms of oxygen (O) at the sides. There are a total of four electron density regions around the central Cl atom in [ClO 3] –.Out of these 4 electron density regions, there are 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair of electrons on the …Chlorate Formula. Chlorate or the chlorate ion has a molecular formula ClO3 –. Chlorates are the salts of chloric acid. Chlorate when accompanied by a Roman numeral in parentheses, e.g. chlorate (VII), refers to a particular oxyanion of chlorine. Metal chlorates can be prepared by adding chlorine to metal hydroxides such as the KOH.Need a dot net developer in Hyderabad? Read reviews & compare projects by leading dot net developers. Find a company today! Development Most Popular Emerging Tech Development Langu...The structure of H ClO3 (chloric Acid) is shown below. H atom is attached to O atom via a sigma bond. There are two Cl = O double bonds and one Cl −O single bond. Cl atom has one lone pair and 5 bond pairs of electrons. The geometry around Cl is pyramidal.This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: Identify the correct Lewis structure for C2H2. O H-c-h-c: H-Ö=c-H H-ċ-ċ-H H-CEC-H O O H CEC: Н. There are 2 steps to solve this one.ClO 3– Lewis structure. ClO 3– (chlorate) has one chlorine atom and three oxygen atoms. In the ClO 3– Lewis structure, there are two double bonds and one single bond around the chlorine atom, with three oxygen atoms attached to it. The oxygen atom with double bonds has two lone pairs, the oxygen atom with a single bond has three lone ...80. Draw the Lewis structure of HClO₃ (by following the octet rule on all atoms) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure. Problem 70QRT: Use Lewis structures and VSEPR theory to predict the electron-region and molecular ...Lewis structure of ClO3- (or Chlorate ion) contains two double bonds and one single bond between the Chlorine (Cl) atom and Oxygen (O) atom. The Chlorine atom (Cl) is at the center and it is surrounded by 3 Oxygen atoms (O). The Chlorine atom has 1 lone pair. And the single bonded oxygen atom has -1 formal charge.1. How to draw the HClO3 lewis structure? To draw the HClO3 lewis structure, we have to follow the octet rule as central Cl is from the p block element. With the help of the lewis structure, we can understand the different covalent properties of HClO3. HClO3 Lewis Structure.Lewis Dot of the Chlorate Ion. ClO 3-. Back. 70 More Lewis Dot Structures. Chlorine does not follow the octet rule. It will hold more than 8 electrons. Chlorine having valence electrons in the 3rd energy level, will also have access to the 3d sublevel, thus allowing for more than 8 electrons. Elements in the first 2 periods of the Periodic ...The Lewis electron structure for the NH 4+ ion is as follows: The nitrogen atom shares four bonding pairs of electrons, and a neutral nitrogen atom has five valence electrons. Using Equation 8.5.1, the formal charge on the nitrogen atom is therefore. formal charge(N) = 5 − (0 + 8 2) = 0.Lewis Symbols. We use Lewis symbols to describe valence electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions. A Lewis symbol consists of an elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each of its valence electrons:. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows the Lewis symbols for the elements of the third period of the periodic table.May 22, 2023 · Step #4: Complete the octet (or duplet) on outside atoms. If the valence electrons are left, then put the valence electrons pair on the central atom. Don’t worry, I’ll explain! In the Lewis structure of H2SO3, the outer atoms are hydrogen atom as well as oxygen atom. Hydrogen already has a duplet (see below image). 2. Each hydrogen atom (group 1) has one valence electron, carbon (group 14) has 4 valence electrons, and oxygen (group 16) has 6 valence electrons, for a total of [ (2) (1) + 4 + 6] = 12 valence electrons. 3. Placing a bonding pair of electrons between each pair of bonded atoms gives the following: Six electrons are used, and 6 are left over.Step #4: Complete the octet (or duplet) on outside atoms. If the valence electrons are left, then put the valence electrons pair on the central atom. Don’t worry, I’ll explain! In the Lewis structure of H2SO3, the outer atoms are hydrogen atom as well as oxygen atom. Hydrogen already has a duplet (see below image). We have 3 Oxygens, we'll put them around the outside; and we'll put that H on the outside of one of the Oxygens. For HClO3 we have a total of 26 valence electrons. We'll put 2 between the atoms to form the chemical bonds. Then we'll go around the outside of the Oxygens to fill the octets. Lewis Dot of the Chlorate Ion. ClO 3-. Back. 70 More Lewis Dot Structures. Chlorine does not follow the octet rule. It will hold more than 8 electrons. Chlorine having valence electrons in the 3rd energy level, will also have access to the 3d sublevel, thus allowing for more than 8 electrons. Elements in the first 2 periods of the Periodic ...Draw the Lewis structure of HClO₃ (with minimized formal charges) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure. Chemistry: The Molecular Science. 5th Edition. ISBN: 9781285199047.Step 3: Connect each atoms by putting an electron pair between them. Now in the HClO4 molecule, you have to put the electron pairs between the oxygen (O) & hydrogen (H) atom and between the oxygen (O) & chlorine (Cl) atoms. This indicates that these atoms are chemically bonded with each other in a HClO4 molecule.Drawing Lewis diagrams. Google Classroom. About. Transcript. A Lewis diagram shows how the valence electrons are distributed around the atoms in a molecule. Shared pairs …18 Sept 2013 ... ... Lewis Dot Structures. ketzbook•4.6M views · 4:59 ... Lewis dot structure of HClO3 | Hybridisation of HCLO3 | Hydrochloric acid lewis dot structure.80. Draw the Lewis structure of HClO₃ (by following the octet rule on all atoms) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure. Problem 70QRT: Use Lewis structures and VSEPR theory to predict the electron-region and molecular ...Exercise 10.4.1 10.4. 1. Use Lewis electron dot diagrams to illustrate the covalent bond formation in Cl 2. Answer. When working with covalent structures, it sometimes looks like you have leftover electrons. You apply the rules you learned so far, and there are still some electrons that remain unattached.In the above lewis dot structure of NH2OH, you can also represent each bonding electron pair (:) as a single bond (|). By doing so, you will get the following lewis structure of NH2OH. ... HClO3 Lewis Structure: SF5- Lewis Structure: C2Cl2 Lewis Structure: N2F2 Lewis Structure: CH2 Lewis Structure: HO2- Lewis Structure: …20 Mar 2023 ... About this video - 1) Lewis dot structure of h2so4 2) Expanded octet rule and concept 3) exceptions to Lewis octet rule 4) Sulphuric acid ...A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the ClO3- Lewis Structure (Chlorate Ion). The ClO3- Lewis structure is a good structure to help you understand w...ClO 3– Lewis structure. ClO 3– (chlorate) has one chlorine atom and three oxygen atoms. In the ClO 3– Lewis structure, there are two double bonds and one single bond around the chlorine atom, with three oxygen atoms attached to it. The oxygen atom with double bonds has two lone pairs, the oxygen atom with a single bond has three lone ...1. How to draw the HClO3 lewis structure? To draw the HClO3 lewis structure, we have to follow the octet rule as central Cl is from the p block element. With …Nov 23, 2023 · The information on this page is fact-checked. The Lewis structure of HClO3 contains two double bonds and two single bonds, with chlorine in the center, and three oxygens and hydrogen on either side. There are two lone pairs on each oxygen atom, one lone pair on the chlorine atom, and the hydrogen atom does not have any lone pair. Sep 19, 2019 · Steps for Writing Lewis Structures. Example 6.4.1 6.4. 1. 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule or ion. Each H atom (group 1) has 1 valence electron, and the O atom (group 16) has 6 valence electrons, for a total of 8 valence electrons. 2. Step 3: Connect each atoms by putting an electron pair between them. Now in the H2SO3 molecule, you have to put the electron pairs between the sulfur (S) & oxygen (O) atoms and between the oxygen (O) & hydrogen (H) atom. This indicates that these atoms are chemically bonded with each other in a H2SO3 molecule.HClO 3 (chloric acid) has one hydrogen atom, one chlorine atom, and three oxygen atoms. In the HClO 3 Lewis structure, there are two double bonds and one single bond around the chlorine atom, with three oxygen atoms attached to it. The oxygen atom with double bonds has two lone pairs, the right oxygen atom (with which the hydrogen atom is ...Write Lewis structure of the following compound and show formal charge on each atom. H N O 3 (ii) Write Lewis structure of the following compound and show formal charge on each atom. N O 2 (iii) Write Lewis structure of the following compound and show formal charge on each atom. H 2 S O 4Aug 10, 2023 · The Lewis dot structure of ClO3- starts with a Cl for the chlorine atom in the center. Around this are drawn 3 O atoms. Two of the oxygen atoms are joined to the chlorine with double dashes, and ... Question: Draw a Lewis dot structure for the following molecule. HClO3 Remember: Acids have the H atoms bonded to the O atoms, not the central atom. After drawing the structure, answer the following questions about it: How many single bonds are in the structure?Draw the Lewis dot structure for acetamide, CH3CONH2, and determine the formal charge of each atom of this molecule. Draw the Lewis dot structure for NaBH4. Show non-bonding electrons and formal charges where appropriate. Draw the Lewis dot structure for (CH3)4NCl. Show non-bonding electrons and formal charges where appropriate.The following are the steps in constructing the Lewis structure of H 2 S O 3: Put the sulfur (most electronegative atom in H 2 S O 3) in the center then surround it with the remaining oxygen atoms ...Here, I have explained 6 simple steps to draw the lewis dot structure of HClO4 (along with images). So, if you are ready to go with these 6 simple steps, then let’s dive right into it! Lewis structure of HClO4 contains the Chlorine (Cl) atom at the center which is surrounded by three Oxygen atoms (O) and one O-H group. The Chlorine atom … Lewis Structure Examples. The Lewis electron dot structures of a few molecules are illustrated in this subsection. 1. Lewis Structure of CO2. The central atom of this molecule is carbon. Oxygen contains 6 valence electrons which form 2 lone pairs. Since it is bonded to only one carbon atom, it must form a double bond. In this article, we will discuss about xeo2f2 lewis structure, hybridization, formal charge, and its geometry. Xenon dioxide difluoride, sometimes known as XeO 2 F 2, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula XeO 2 F 2.The partial hydrolysis of Xenon hexafluoride produces it, as shown in the following reaction: XeF 6 +2H 2 O —> …HClO3 Lewis structure. The Lewis structure of HClO3 shows that chlorine is the central atom bonded to three oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom. Chlorine has 7 valence electrons, and each oxygen has 6 valence electrons. The structure includes three single bonds and one double bond between chlorine and oxygen atoms. Chloric acid (HClO3) …Question: Draw the Lewis structure of HClO3 (by following the octet rule on all atoms) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure. There are 3 steps to solve this one.Question: Draw the Lewis structure of HClO3 (by following the octet rule on all atoms) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure. There are 3 steps to solve this one. Calculate the total number of valence electrons available ...Hypochlorous acid (HClO) has a Lewis structure with a chlorine (Cl) atom at the center, bonded to an oxygen (O) atom and a hydrogen (H) atom. Cl has 7 valence …Question: Draw the Lewis structure of HClO3 (by following the octet rule on all atoms) and then choose the appropriate pair of molecular geometries of the two central atoms. Your answer choice is independent of the orientation of your drawn structure. Incorrect, 3 attempts remaining Your submission: C) trigonal pyramidal / bent (109.5∘ ...The Lewis structure of HClO2 contains one double bond and two single bonds, with chlorine in the center, and two oxygens and hydrogen on either side. There are two lone pairs on each oxygen atom and chlorine atom, and the hydrogen atom does not have any lone pair. Steps. #1 Draw skeleton. #2 Show chemical bond.A simple method for drawing Lewis electron dot structures for HClO3 chloric acid is given in this post.A simple procedure for writing Lewis structures was given in a previous article entitled “Lewis Structures and the Octet Rule”.Chloric acid is a colorless liquid. It will accelerate the burning of combustible materials and can ignite most on contact. It is corrosive to metals and tissue. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis and to make other chemicals. Chloric acid is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorate.May 23, 2023 · Step #4: Complete the octet (or duplet) on outside atoms. If the valence electrons are left, then put the valence electrons pair on the central atom. Don’t worry, I’ll explain! In the Lewis structure of HClO2, the outer atoms are hydrogen atom as well as oxygen atoms. Hydrogen already has a duplet (see below image). Question: Draw a Lewis dot structure for the following molecule. HClO3 Remember: Acids have the H atoms bonded to the O atoms, not the central atom. After drawing the structure, answer the following questions about it: How many single bonds are in the structure?We will use a simplified representation of covalent bonds known as Lewis structures. These drawings are also know by various other names, including Lewis dot structures …A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the HClO3 Lewis Dot Structure (Chloric Acid). For the HClO3 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for...The Lewis electron-dot diagrams of the HClO3 molecule and the HClO2molecule are shown above at the left and right, respectively. Which of the following statements identifies the stronger acid and correctly identifies a factor that contributes to its being the stronger acid? (A)HClO3(aq)is the stronger acid because its molecules experience ...Therefore, we can conclude that the HBrO3 Lewis structure is stronger than the HBrO2 Lewis structure. Is the HBrO3 Lewis Structure Stronger than HClO3? Now let’s compare the strength of the HBrO3 Lewis structure with that of HClO3. In the Lewis dot diagram of HBrO3, we have a central bromine atom bonded to three oxygen atoms and one hydrogen ...HClO 3 (chloric acid) has one hydrogen atom, one chlorine atom, and three oxygen atoms. In the HClO 3 Lewis structure, there are two double bonds and …Interpreting Lewis Structures. A Lewis structure contains symbols for the elements in a molecule, connected by lines and surrounded by pairs of dots. For example, here is the Lewis structure for water, H 2 O. Each symbol represents the nucleus and the core electrons of the atom. Here, each “H” represents the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, and ...This page titled 4.1: Lewis Electron Dot Structures is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Ionic substances are completely held together by ionic bonds.A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the ClO3- Lewis Structure (Chlorate Ion). The ClO3- Lewis structure is a good structure to help you understand w...

Chloric acid. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Chloric acid, H Cl O 3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid ( p Ka ≈ −2.7) and an oxidizing agent .. Dhr food stamps login

hclo3 lewis dot structure

24 May 2022 ... Comments ; CHEMISTRY 101 - Drawing Lewis Structures: organic molecules, CH3COOH. Matthew Gerner · 17K views ; Electromagnetic Waves - with Sir ...To draw the Lewis structure of an atom, write the symbol of the atom and draw dots around it to represent the valence electrons. Note that hydrogen is often shown in both group 1A and group 7A, but it has one valence electron – never seven. Also, helium is shown in group 8A, but it only has two valence electrons.Step 1. The Lewis structure of HClO3 and Hybridization and molecular geometry. (b) Total valence electrons in... a) Draw one Lewis structure (including all bonds and all non-bonding electron airs/lone pairs) of HClO3 that follows the octet rule (Hint: H is attached to an O atom, Cl is the central atom). Determine the number of valence electrons ...Structural Formula. HClO 4. perchloric acidLewis Structure of ClO. 3. -. (Chlorate ion) Lewis structure of ClO 3- ion is drawn step by step in this tutorial. Total valence electrons of oxygen and chlorine atoms and negative charge are considered to draw the ClO 3- lewis structure. When we drew the lewis structure, overall charge of the ion should be -1.Nov 14, 2017 · A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the HClO2 Lewis Dot Structure (Chlorous Acid).For the HClO2 structure use the periodic table to find the total numb... A Lewis electron dot symbol (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom. These dots are arranged to the right and left and above and below the symbol ... You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer. Question: A) Draw the Lewis structure of HClO3 where the structure obeys octet rule. What is the electronic geometry?B) Draw the structure where the formal charges are minimized. Draw in the bond dipoles. Airlines might be required to refund checked baggage fees in the event of a delay in bag delivery, if regulations pass. Checked-bag lovers — rejoice! A new proposal by the U.S. Dep...A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the CH3- Lewis Dot Structure.For the CH3- structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence elec...To draw the Lewis structure of an atom, write the symbol of the atom and draw dots around it to represent the valence electrons. Note that hydrogen is often shown in both group 1A and group 7A, but it has one valence electron – never seven. Also, helium is shown in group 8A, but it only has two valence electrons.22 Apr 2023 ... Playlist Lewis dot structure shorts :- • Lewis dot structure tr... ... oxidation number of Cl in HClO3 (chloric acid) ll oxidation state ll ...Drawing Lewis Structure of XeO2F2. We will now draw the Lewis structure of XeO2F2 step by step: • First of all, we will calculate the number of valence electrons for each of the individual atoms present in one molecule of XeO2F2. For Xenon, a group 18 element, Number of valence electrons = 8. For Oxygen, group 16 element, Number of …A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram, or a Lewis diagram, or a Lewis structure) is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom..

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